Iraq occupies a pivotal geographic position in Western Asia, bridging the Arabian Peninsula, the Anatolian highlands, and the Iranian Plateau. Its landscape is defined by the historic basin of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, which converge in southern Iraq before flowing into the Persian Gulf. Geography here is overwhelmingly fluvial in the center and south, … Read more
Iran occupies a vast portion of the Iranian Plateau in Western Asia, bordered by the Caspian Sea to the north and the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman to the south. Geography defines the country through dramatic contrasts between high mountain chains, arid deserts, fertile basins, and long maritime coastlines. The Alborz Mountains rise along … Read more
Afghanistan is a country defined by elevation. Mountain systems dominate its structure, dividing terrain into high plateaus, narrow valleys, and desert basins. Geography here is not background but framework. The Hindu Kush cuts diagonally across the nation, shaping climate, settlement, and movement. Rivers descend from glaciated peaks into arid plains, sustaining life in corridors carved … Read more
Azerbaijan lies at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia along the western shore of the Caspian Sea. Geography defines the country through contrasting landscapes of high mountains, semi-arid plains, inland basins, and maritime coastline. The Greater Caucasus Mountains rise across the north. Geography reinforces natural climatic separation between cooler alpine zones and warmer … Read more
Georgia lies at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia in the South Caucasus region. Geography defines the country through dramatic mountain systems, fertile river valleys, and a Black Sea coastline. The Greater Caucasus Mountains form a towering northern boundary. Geography reinforces natural separation from the Russian Federation through high alpine ridges. The Lesser … Read more
Myanmar lies in mainland Southeast Asia, bordered by India, China, Laos, Thailand, and Bangladesh, with a long coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. Geography defines the country through mountain arcs, central river basins, and coastal deltas. The Ayeyarwady River forms the backbone of Myanmar’s lowland system. Geography reinforces agricultural productivity through … Read more
Thailand lies at the center of mainland Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia, with coastlines along the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. Geography defines the country through four major regions: mountainous north, central river plains, northeastern plateau, and southern peninsular coastline. The Chao Phraya River basin dominates central Thailand. Geography … Read more
Malaysia lies in Southeast Asia, divided geographically between Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia on the island of Borneo. Geography defines the nation through tropical rainforest, long coastlines, mountain ranges, and extensive river systems. The South China Sea separates its two main regions. Geography reinforces maritime connectivity and ecological diversity across both landmasses. Peninsular Malaysia contains … Read more
Laos lies in the heart of mainland Southeast Asia, bordered by China to the north, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, Thailand to the west, and Myanmar to the northwest. It is the only landlocked country in the region. Geography defines Laos through mountains, river valleys, and dense forest coverage. The Mekong River … Read more
Cambodia lies in mainland Southeast Asia between Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam, with a southern coastline along the Gulf of Thailand. Geography here is river-centered and basin-shaped. Much of the country consists of low plains structured around the Mekong River and the Tonle Sap system. The Mekong flows from north to south, crossing eastern Cambodia before … Read more
